Practical skills at as level 239 practical work in physics 240 using apparatus and following instructions 240 gathering evidence 241 precision, accuracy, errors and uncertainties 241 finding the value of an uncertainty 243 percentage uncertainty 245 recording results 246 analysing results 246. Unit 3 gravitational, electric, and magnetic fields ms. The moon orbits the earth because it experiences a gravitational force due to the earths gravitational field. Please dont forget to leave a like if you found this helpful. The moon orbits the earth because it experiences a gravitational force due to the earths. Every object sets up a gravitational field around itself due to its mass. The gradient of the gravitational potential graph gives us the gravitational field strength at that point. The gravitational field is the gravitational force per unit mass that would be exerted on a small so it doesnt measurably affect the gravitational field test mass at that point. We might, for example define the potential at floor level to be zero, in. The universal constant g is very small and in many cases the gravitational force can be ignored. One radian rad is defined as the angle subtended at.
Notes on gravitational field for cambridge a level and utme according to newton, all masses create a gravitational field in the space round them. Most physics courses spend considerable time using physics formulas to solve numerical word problems. We will now consider gravitational fields that are not uniform and how to calculate the value of. A force field is a region in which a body experiences a force. Plotting a graph of gravitational field strength against radius. Gravitational fields worksheet gravitational fields orbits and keplers laws lesson orbits and keplers laws practice problems gravitational potential energy gravitational potential energy and escape speed questions physics journal general relativity electric fields. Alevel revision physics fields gravitational fields covering understanding the concept of a field, recalling and using the relationship that describes the gravitational force between two masses and describing the earths gravitational field and explain how the field strength varies with distance from the centre of the earth. Thus the gravitational field strength is given by g fm. Physics notes for gravitation of class 11 download pdf. So the unit of gravitational field strength is nkg 1. The gravitational field of every object is a radial field, since the mass is concentrated at the objects centre, and as you already. The physics classroom grants teachers and other users the right to print this pdf document and to download this pdf document for private use.
In physics, a field is a physical quantity, represented by a number or tensor, that has a value for each point in spacetime. Gravitation is one of the four classes of interactions found in nature. A field, as stated earlier, is a function that has a different value at every point in space. Magnetic fields a2levellevelrevision, physics, fields. The test mass needs to be small because otherwise it will have an effect on the larger mass itself and would therefore alter the value for g. Class notes on gravitation physics 152 galileo university of. Gravitational field patterns gravity is a universal attractive force. Only large objects such as stars and planets have a gravitational field that creates a significant effect. Gravitational fields students define the gravitational force constant g as a force per unit mass in nkg, and the weight as fg mg. Aqa a level physics fields intro and gravitational.
A gravitational field is a region of space where a mass experiences a force newton s law of gravitation states that two point masses attract each other with a force that is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square. The strength of a gravitational field, g, is the force per unit mass on a small test mass placed in that field. Tes global ltd is registered in england company no 02017289 with its registered office. Physics notes class 11 chapter 8 gravitation every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force which is called the force of gravitation. The gravitational field is introduced and illustrated. The field strength g at a point in a gravitational field is defined as the force on unit mass at the point. The pdf file below accompanies the gravitational fields interactive. Gravitational, electric and magnetic fields unit test. All downloads are covered by a creative commons license. In physics, a gravitational field is a model used to explain the influence that a massive body extends into the space around itself, producing a force on another massive body. The reader who has studied electrostatics will recognize that this is all just a repeat of what he or she already knows. Complete a level physics notes cambridge international as and a level physics builds on the skills acquired at cambridge igcse or equivalent level.
Properties of charges and coulombs law lesson properties of electric charge coulombs law electric fields. Thus, a gravitational field is used to explain gravitational phenomena, and is measured in newtons per kilogram nkg. If you appreciate the help, consider tipping me to ke. They are written for the aqa exam board but should still be useful for all other exam boards, including edexcel, and ocr a and b. Intensity of gravitational field at a distance r from a body of mass m is given by.
These are i the gravitational force ii the electromagnetic force. Class 11 physics for fbise and punjab with free pdf. Answers of assignment are given at the end of each assignment with complete solutions. In its original concept, gravity was a force between point masses. Above earth, we say there is a gravitational field. The strength of this gravitational field at any given location is dependent upon the distance of that location from the center of mass and upon the amount of mass of the object creating the field. For two masses displaced a distance apart, the gravitational force of attraction of one. Aqa, edexcel a level a level physics maths made easy. Define the gravitational field quantitatively as a force per unit mass. It is considered to be a weak force, and has an infinite range. Gravitational and electrical fields aqa a level physics. Take the right direction to be positive and the left to be negative. The 5 chapters presented here started off as a set of rough lecture notes and are updated every year.
A scalar field is a field for which there is a single number associated with every point in space. The gravitational field strength at a point is defined as the force per unit mass acting on a small mass placed at that point newton s second law. The syllabus includes the main theoretical concepts which are fundamental to the subject, a section on some current applications of physics, and a strong emphasis on advanced practical skills. Changing potential and kinetic energies in orbit of increasing radius. Since gravitational field strength on the moon is lower than that of earth, it will display a lower reading since the scale is not calibrated to the moons lower gravitational field strength. This constant we call g, the universal gravitational constant. This can be shown by considering two 1 kg masses 1 m apart. Near the earths surface the gravitational field can be considered to be homogeneous, that is the gravitational force is always directed to the earths surface and the gravitational acceleration is constant. Continuing the a level revision series covering, fields, the gravitational field, the gravitational constant g, gravitational potential energy, gravitational potential, the velocity and period. Gravitational fields caused by single objects are always directed towards the center of mass of the object. Dealing with magnetic fields, magnetic field strength and the force on a moving charge.
In the case of a planet, when very close to its surface, the planet may be considered flat and the field uniform. Notes on gravitational field for cambridge a level and utme. It is considered to be a weak force, and has an infinite. Gravitational fields are represented by field lines, which are drawn as arrows and span. The relation between g and u derived from first principles. For example, on a weather map, the surface temperature is described by assigning a real number to each point on a map.
Alevel revision physics fields gravitational fields covering understanding the concept of a field, recalling and using the relationship that describes the. Gravitational potential u and field strength g explained. We have seen that the temperature of the earths atmosphere at the surface is an example of a scalar field. Gravitational field strength teacher notes physics. Alevel physicsforces, fields and energygravitational. Aqa, edexcel a level physics gravitational fields 2 name. If unbalanced, this will produce a downward acceleration. Alevel physics forces, fields and energy gravitational fields. These are free to download and to share with others provided credit is shown. Here are the graphs of how gravitational field strength and gravitational potential vary with distance from the centre of a mass eg planet. A full set of a level physics notes free to download. Hence, a gravitational field which is an example of force fields is a region of space in which any object lies in it experiences a. Check out the most important physics notes on gravitation and satellite.
Read notes on law of gravitation, acceleration due to gravity, keplers laws, etc. The gravitational force between everyday objects is so small as to be almost irrelevant. According to newton, all masses create a gravitational field in the space round them. It is a vector field, and points in the direction of the force that a small test mass would feel at that point. Use these to help revise for exams and to read through as you go along to build understanding. A level physics gravitational fields flashcards quizlet. The electric field is the region of space around a point charge where that charge experiences a. Cie a level physics 9702 cambridge international as and a level physics builds on the skills acquired at cambridge igcse or equivalent level. For a constant field and a nonconstant field around a spherical object.
The graph below shows the variation of the orbital period squared with the radius cubed for jupiters moons. When two objects enter each others gravitational fields, they will be attracted towards each other. For a point or spherical mass m, the field is radial, with the field lines towards that mass. The field give rise to a force on any object having mass placed in this field. This chapter deals with the calculation of gravitational fields and potentials in the vicinity of various shapes and sizes of massive bodies. Field theoretic aspects of newtons theory of gravitation. Instructors are permitted to make and distribute copies for their classes. Before starting, one can obtain a qualitative idea of how the field on the axis of a ring varies with distance from the centre of the ring. From newtons law of gravitation, the force on a mass m as a result of a mass m at a distance r is given by. Notes on gravitational field for cambridge a level and. Most of the material in this chapter is taken from. Objects in a gravitational field experience a downward force, their weight.
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